Self-Certification is an entry level to the TAPA Standards and provides robust but minimal security measures. In most instances FSR C and TSR 3 should offer perfectly acceptable security for general cargo. Where Buyers, Shippers, Insurers or Logistics Service Providers’ risk assessments deem additional security measures are needed, then FSR A&B and/or TSR 1&2 can provide this assurance. More scrutiny is needed to ensure these measures are in place and we use industry recognised certification bodies to perform this role.